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Nellie Stone Johnson
Nellie Stone Johnson (December 17, 1905 – April 2, 2002) was an American civil rights activist and union organizer. She was the first black elected official in Minneapolis and shaped Minnesota politics for 70 years.
Johnson helped form the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) and spearheaded the effort to create the first Fair Employment Practices department in the nation. She counseled both Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale and was on the Democratic National Committee in the 1980s.
==Early life and education==
Nellie Saunders Allen was born in Dakota County, Minnesota, near Lakeville, to William and Gladys (''née'' Foree) Allen, one of the few black farming families in Minnesota in the early 1900s. Her mother was a college-educated school teacher from Kentucky and had African American, French, Irish and American Indian ancestry.〔Brauer, p. 4 "On my father's side, the Allens, it was German and black... a smattering of Cherokee... On my mother's side, there had to be a lot of French, Irish, and Seminole.〕 Their family had a dairy farm and her father was involved with the Nonpartisan League, helping organize farmers and co-founding the Twin Cities Milk Producers Association. When she was 13, she distributed literature for the Nonpartisan League on her way to school.〔 Nellie attended public schools in both Dakota and Pine Counties. The family moved to a larger farm east of Hinckley in 1919.〔 She would milk cows every morning and earned money by trapping muskrat and mink. She joined the NAACP as a teenager. Nellie attended school in Clover Township, which only taught up to the 10th grade.〔Brauer, p. 57〕
In September 1922, Nellie moved to Minneapolis where she was a live-in nanny for a white family that lived close to Loring Park.〔Brauer, p. 61〕 She then moved into her aunt and uncle's house in north Minneapolis. She took extension courses at the University of Minnesota, initially at the agriculture school. She took chemistry, intending to become a pharmacist, before gravitating towards social and political science. While at the University she took classes from E. W. Ziebarth and met Paul Robeson and Swan Assarson.〔Brauer, p. 68〕 She finished her GED in 1925.
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